Abstract
Towards mainstream 3D geographical data
3D geo-information is becoming increasingly important for planning and managing our densely populated and intensively used environment. This shows from the growing number of government agencies that build and use 3D information. Due to the absence of a 3D standard and a generic 3D approach every agency had to discover its own approach until recently. To coordinate these 3D initiatives the Dutch Kadaster, Geonovum, the Netherlands Geodetic Commission and the Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment initiated a 3D Pilot. In this pilot, nearly 70 organizations collaborated between March 2010 and March 2011. Based on use cases performed on a test area the four main aspects of the use of 3D geo-information were studied: generation of 3D information; 3D standard; 3D data management& distribution; and 3D applications. The achievements in this pilot showed that 3D geo-information is ready for intensive and wide use in practice. The recommendations of the 3D pilot that fit within regular tasks are being picked up by the four initiators of the pilot. For this effort the 3D Pilot was awarded with the OGC 3D award. In addition it is studied how a 3D topographical base data set covering the whole country can be generated in an automatic manner. Specific attention is paid to the alignment of geo-information standards and standards from the BIM domain(Building Information Model).

Abstract
Automatic generation of 3D city models
In the last years the market for 3D data has been growing continuously. The users of many applications benefit a lot from extending their data basis from 2D to 3D. This presentation will show what concepts can be used to generate 3D buildings automatically, fast and cost-efficient from stereo aerial or satellite imagery and/or LiDAR data. New software algorithms use point clouds generated from stereo imagery or from laserscanning as data source for automatic 3D mapping. For this, algorithms of SGM (semi global matching) type are implemented and adapted. The acquisition of stereo imagery as well as laserscanning is carried out in remote sensing projects on mobile carriers such as aeroplanes, helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles, cars and high resolution satellite sensors. These source data from remote sensing systems are more and more available for many regions and can be used to generate 3D data automatically, fast or even in realtime as well as cost-effective even though very large data volumes need to be processed. In a further step, aerial or terrestrial digital close-range photography is processed to do an automatic facade analysis in order to texture roof and wall faces photorealistically or to reconstruct facades from meta information deduced from the source. Parametric building reconstruction is used for high optical quality combined with low data volume.

Abstract
Internetbased 3D GIS provide new opportunities for collaboration and communication in urban development
Efficient collaboration and communication is fundamental in building and managing sustainable cites. Leveraging the benefits of clarity of 3D illustrations, internet based visualization tools provided as a cloud service, allow easy distribution of information and collaborative work in projects teams internally within city organisations but also external architects, experts, builders, politicians and other stakeholders involved in the project. All members assigned authorisation and editing rights under a role-based access structure. An interactive project model can easily be published externally on the website allowing the user to navigate freely and to make comments in the virtual 3D model. The tools are focused to be intuitive and to easy to use to maximize the usability among persons without 3D expertise. Large terrain and 3D city models can now be used as a tool by a wider audience. As a cloud services the service does not require any install or maintenance. This presentation will provide several examples as online demos and explain the benefits learned in projects with municipalities and city governments.

Abstract
Development of Web Based Natural Resource Data Sharing and Decision Support System Using Open Source Tools
The degree of development is a function of natural resources, its utilization and sustenance for future population needs. For better and scientific management all resource information, spatial and non-spatial data is to be kept in a well organized manner in digital forms usable through GIS, decision support systems(DSS) and other analysis tools available which are inter operable systems. This DSS provides good facility to analyze spatial and non spatial data sets and to form scientific decision rules to arrive at logical conclusions. The research on GIS and DSS have emerged a new solution for Spatial DSS (SDSS). WDSS is different than traditional desktop software in the way that multiple users can retrieve natural resource information and make complex decision anywhere anytime with internet connection. Map Server, OGC Web services as WMS, WFS and WCS enhances the functionality of WDSS. Postgis, an open source spatial database,PHP and Flex technologies have been used for development. The outcome produces interactive and multifunctional WDSS solving complex natural resource management problem. WDSS provides framework for spatial analysis of various layers as groundwater,lithology etc. The results help in i) Thematic information for natural resource. ii) Analysis of natural resource information. iii) Facilitates access, retrieval and updation of natural resource information. iv) Provides remote editing facility for data updation.v) Planning for utilization of natural resources.

Abstract
Robust construction of 3D building models through stable planar extraction in DSM data
An automated approach to construct 3D building models through Hough transformation and stable planar regions extracted from Digital Surface Model (DSM) data is described. The methodology has been applied to two DSM data produced from a low resolution LIDAR and ADS40 images. The approach is three pronged. First, Hough transformation is applied to the DSM data to extract edge features. Secondly different planes are constructed by stable planar region extraction technique. Roofs edges are formed by adjoining planes which are computed by using the topologic relations and geometries of planar regions. Finally, a polyhedral description of the data is derived using the geometries of the stable planar regions, line segments of jump and/or boundary edges, and roof edges. The algorithm is able to construct and examine each and every building expediently.

Abstract
3D Modeling for city planning
The presentation will highlight the importance of topological correct 3D city models structured for the sustainable use in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Furthermore we will illustrate through interactive 3D visualization how photo-realistic texturing of facades and roofs turn these valuable topological 3D models into visual impressive models for urban planning and marketing. A special focus is also put on one of our most challenging projects, the 3D model of Monaco. This project combines state-of-the-art aerial photography for the creation of the model by photogrammetric means and terrestrial mobile mapping data to enhance the 3D model with all required facade details like balconies, arcaded sidewalks, stairs etc.COWI generates reality-based 3D city models using in-house developed software tools on top of Microstation, which is a significant advantage in case the production method has to be adjusted according special client- or market-related requirements. Furthermore a large number of automatic quality check tools are developed to meet highest quality expectations for reliable 3D data.

Abstract
Korean 3D Cadastre
This is the project to construct infrastructure of 3D cadastre introduction that aimed on tree-dimensional land management. The “3D Cadastre” has been studied continuously in the international academic world but it is not realized yet in Korea because it is not yet legally supported nor by a systematic approach. But considering the current situation that the three-dimensional use of land is increasing continuously, the introduction of 3D cadastre is needed; not only for the management of public facility but also for the preservation of people’s ownership. Thus, in this project, we suggested a systematic improvement scheme for preparation and introduction. And a future action plan is prepared for the stable settlement of a 3D cadastre. Also learned from the experiences of the introduction at 8 sites, in these sites there are difficulties using the current 2D cadastre for management and also there are difficulties when people want to register rights.

We surveyed all sites and made surveyor’s manual to maintain consistency of survey methodology. Results of survey are processed (adjusting, editing, object modeling) and inserted into the database, and displayed on the full 3D cadastre prototype system. That system was developed adopting to the land management task of the Seoul government. It has functions such as inquiring, 3D viewing and space analysis. Through this project, we could meet to ask by the land administration part to serve 3D cadastral map, preserve people’s property rights, and increase utilization of land information services.

Abstract
3D Modeling software for Urban Environments
This presentation will focus on 3D content creation for Urban Environments (with Esri CityEngine & ArcGIS). CityEngine provides a unique procedural design and modeling solution for the design, planning and modeling of urban environments in 3D. Procedural modeling means that 3D geometries and textures are constructed using rules (procedures) instead of labor-intensive manual modeling. A single procedural rule can be used to generate many 3D models. For example, the rule can make use of feature attribute information stored in GIS data—such as the number of floors, roof type, wall material type, etc.—to generate a series of alternate 3D models that accurately represent the properties of each feature. The more attributes you have, the more accurate the generated model can be. Furthermore we will illustrate how to export the generated 3D city models to other software tools, such as data management/analysis packages (like ArcGIS), 3D editing software (like Maya or 3ds Max), geo-visualization tools (like ArcGlobe or Google Earth), game engines (like Unity or Unreal), high-end rendering solutions (like RenderMan), or web-ready cloud rendering services (like RealityServer).

Bio
Ian works in the field of strategic geoscience and information management. Until 2011 he was Chief of Operations at the British Geological Survey (BGS) and before that BGS Director of Information. He is a geologist who started his career in mineral assessment and field mapping for 20 years, where he got involved in applying digital systems to geology. He led the implementation of a corporate information system for BGS, which transformed a highly individual and fragmented approach to active and legacy geoscience data and information in the UK into a system which is widely regarded as an example of best practice of how to manage, share, deliver and add value to geoscience data across an organisation. Ian is now an independent consultant. He has undertaken consultancy on geoscience information management in Ecuador, Guyana, Canada, Australia and Poland, and has worked for the European Commission and major mining, GIS software, and television companies, including Rio Tinto, ESRI, and the BBC. He led major European Union projects to try to improve the way in which European Union geological surveys manage and deliver their data, but his external focus in the last 6 years was instigating and leading the global project OneGeology, which is making geological map data from over 125 national, state and provincial surveys accessible and shareable, and more importantly transferring the know-how across the globe so all surveys have the capacity to do that.

Abstract
OneGeology: Sharing geology on a global scale
Few of thescientific and environmentalchallengeswe face recognisepolitical or science domain frontiers, and if we want to assess and address these challenges holistically then we need access to holistic geoscience data too. Rich geoscience data does exist in the disparate repositories of nations, but when they are available (and in many instances in is exceptionally difficult to discover), then they exist in different analogue and digital formats and via different services, with different access conditions. The capability to develop and implement geoscience information management, analysis and delivery systems varies greatly across the institutions and nations of the world too. OneGeology is a global initiative to improve the accessibility of one fundamental geoscience dataset - geological map data. It is improving the interoperability (“share-ability”) of that data and last, but certainly not least, the transfer and exchange of know-how and experience to achieve these things through state-of-the-art web services. Since its inception in 2006 OneGeology has been hugely successful and 117 nations are now participating, with more than 50 of those nations serving more than 250 geological datasets to a global and dynamic web map portal. To some such work may not seem too scientifically ambitious and the achievements none too ground-breaking. However, to draw that conclusion would be to fail to comprehend the technical, logistical, cultural and political challenges of a project that attempts deployment internationally, and especially one that seeks to build capacity in the developing world.