Georg Gartner is a Full Professor at the Research Group in Cartography at the Vienna University of Technology. He holds graduate qualifications in geography and cartography from the University of Vienna and received his Ph.D. and his Habilitation from the Vienna University of Technology. He was awarded a Fulbright grant to the University of Nebraska at Omaha in 1997 and a research visiting fellowship to the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology in 2000, to South China Normal University in 2006 and to the University of Nottingham in 2009. He is Dean for Academic Affairs for Geodesy and Geoinformation at Vienna University of Technology. He is responsible organizer of the International Symposia on Location Based Services & TeleCartography and Editor of the Book Series “Lecture Notes on Geoinformation and Cartography” by Springer and Editor of the Journal on LBS by Taylor & Francis. He serves as President of the International Cartographic Association.

Abstract
Cartography is seen by many as facing a change of paradigms currently, triggered by technological challenges. As a result of innovative available technologies like the Internet, Multimedia and telecommunication infrastructure it becomes considerable, that cartographic communication processes can be realized which deliver user-tailored information to a specific user everywhere (“ubiquitous”) and anytime. This paper reviews the enormous diversity of fundamental questions which are appearing in modern cartography based on new technologies. It argues that a theoretical fundament is necessary to be able to define the core elements of a discipline. The role of international efforts in this respect is discussed and will be highlighted. By discussing the existing Research Agenda of the International Cartographic Association (ICA) and other existing bodies of knowledge in related disciplines the vision of a further development of a Body of Knowledge for the domain of Cartography and related disciplines is discussed.

Bio
William Cartwright is Professor of Cartography and Geographical Visualization in the School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences at RMIT University, Australia. He joined the University after spending a number of years in both the government and private sectors of the mapping industry. He is Chair of the Joint Board of Geospatial Information Societies and the Immediate Past-President of the International Cartographic Association. He is a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, a Fellow of the British Cartographic Society, an Honorary Fellow of the Mapping Sciences Institute Australia and an Honorary Fellow of the Surveying and Spatial Sciences Institute. He holds a Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Melbourne and a Doctor of Education from RMIT University. He has six other university qualifications - in the fields of cartography, applied science, education, media studies, information and communication technology and graphic design. He is the author of over 300 academic papers. His major research interest is the application of integrated media to cartography and the exploration of different metaphorical approaches to the depiction of geographical information.

Abstract
Blais (1992) wrote almost two decades ago that paper maps and charts and their electronic counterparts generally fall short of expectations to provide different perspective views, to display spatial and thematic changes over a period of time, to characterise the behaviour of natural processes, and to exhibit the topological relationships between classes of geomorphological features. However, when one thinks of visualising a space one thinks of maps. They work, but ‘conventional’ maps may not always the most appropriate artefact. Comments like that from Blais are still commonplace in the geospatial sciences, where, to fix a problem, ‘better’ devices (read more of the same) have been demanded. But, just developing a better device, rather than a different device, simply means more of the same, but something that is quicker, smaller, more portable or incorporating more ‘switches’. Perhaps there now exists the need to look beyond the formal world of ‘contemporary’ surveying and mapping, where the ‘academy of thought and procedures’ generally dictates what we do, and consider if new and emerging procedures might complement what we do. The world of ‘neocartography’, that loosley-linked and organised community of collaborative cartographer - individuals that volunteer geographic information – and social software, delivered via Web 2.0, might be a prospective partner for ‘mainstream’ surveying and mapping. This paper addresses how neocartography, and the use of social software on everyday consumer electronic devices might be integrated with mainstream surveying and mapping practices to provide products that might be otherwise impossible to deliver due to economic and logistic situations. Neocartographyis not about further developing / improving existing approaches, but looking altogether differently at how data is collected, assembled, analysed and presented. It first provides an overview about how those involved in neocartography collect, store and generate cartographic products that supplement / complement their more conventional counterparts. It then addresses the opportunities, issues and challenges for the cartography / giscience community that neocartrography poses.

Bio
Born 1953, Paul Hardy graduated in 1975 with a M.A. in Computer Science from Cambridge University in England. He worked for 28 years at Laser-Scan Ltd in Cambridge England, where he held the roles of Chief Programmer, Product Manager, and Principal Consultant. He was Product Manager for Cartography at Esri in Redlands California from 2003 to 2006, and project managed the implementation of advanced cartographic capabilities into ArcGIS. He now is Business Development Consultant for Esri Europe, focused on national mapping and cadastral agencies. He is a Chartered Engineer, a Fellow of the British Cartographic Society and a Member of the British Computer Society. His professional interests include digital mapping and charting, automated cartography, map generalization, geospatial data models and data re-engineering techniques. Because of his time in business development and in software development, he bridges the communication gap between business users and technical professionals.

Abstract
This paper reviews the multi-scale cartography capabilities of a desktop, server, and cloud GIS (Esri ArcGIS). It discusses the tiered scale data models and cloud resources used for whole-world basemaps that show increasing content down to detailed scales. It shows examples from different countries contributing to a community topographic basemap. It explains a range of contextual generalization tools that can derive abstractions from feature data that is otherwise too detailed, and how they can be used to produce intermediate scale bands, or families of cartographic products. Finally it covers cartographic representation functionality and its application to multi-scale cartography.